What Constitutes a Profession Essay - 1573 Words

Haili Jiang GE6 The Professions and Public Interest in American Life Midterm paper 1 Instructor: Shyam During normal usage, it seems that the terms â€Å"profession† and â€Å"occupation† are almost identical and are interchangeable. Generally they both define the work people do for a living. However, after delving into their meanings, one can easily notice that the word profession is a bit more advanced than occupation. In other words, there are peculiar criteria or characteristics that an occupation has to meet in order to qualify as a profession. In this essay, I will apply three different markers to identify whether an occupation is a profession: 1. A profession needs extensive intellectual training and usually has some type of†¦show more content†¦Students wishing to become business administration professionals have to participate in undergraduate or MBA programs to get according degrees. Also when it comes to accounting, a subdivision of business studies, students usually need to take several years of authorized examinations in order to become Certified Public Accountant, shortened as CPA. Secondly, business administrators have their income based on their knowledge, not actual products or services. Unlike what many people may assume, those who are involved in business administration are not merchants who sell products, but professionals who participate in different aspects of the trade process. According to Henri Fayol’s the 5 elements of administration, business administrators have the function of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling and budgeting. These responsibilities require a diverse range of studies such as statistics, economics and management like I said in the previous paragraph. Hence one can easily see that business administrators are employed to give instructions and information, not to do non-intellectual errands or to produce physical products. Finally, business administration people provide important services to the public. According to the â€Å"Ten Rules of Economics†, proposed by N. Gregory Manbkiw, who once was the chairman of the Council of Economics Advisers and isShow MoreRelatedHealthcare And The Health Care Industry1154 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care providers should be able to constitute approaches in different resources about the issues and interventions in health care. Almost anyone from any part of the world can share, view, and deliver certain data, information, or updates in any matter. The expansion of technology fundamentally benefits different grounds such as in medicine, science, business, and health care as well. With regards to being a leader in the health care industry, there are certain changes that are needed to beRead MoreDiscourse Community Project : Discourse1705 Words   |  7 Pagesassumptions about what objects are appropriate for examination and discussion, what constitutes ‘ evidence’ and ‘validity’ and what formal conventions are followed (38-39).† These five texts collectively constitute a community of discourse through their application of common language norms, characteristics, patterns and rhetorical strategies. All of the authors are writing about corresponding ideas and discussing their identical goals; the prevalence of gender inequality in the legal profession and the unjustRead MoreProfession Of Arms Paper878 Words   |  3 Pagesplays a vital role in the Army Profession of Arms. An Army professional must have various attributes of good character and leadership skills and the â€Å"Be, Know, Do† qualities to be called a profession at all. All leaders must embrace the challenge of balancing multiple responsibilities at once within their profession in order to accomplish any mission. As a United States Army Human Resources Sergeants, we must always consider the culture of the Army and its Profession as an im portant factor to missionRead MoreGender Roles Are The Way People Act851 Words   |  4 Pages Gender in â€Å"Baby Daddy† TV show, Essay â€Å"Gender roles are the way people act, what they do and say, to express being a girl or a boy, a woman or a man. These characteristics are shaped by society,† (Gender Roles) These roles constitute the standards of the society and they are transmitted from one generation to another by education. Children learn these standards since their birth. Parents teach them how to act, to say and to behave according to their sex. Also, children learn the gender roles fromRead MoreWhy Are Ethics Important In The Accounting Profession Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesAccounting Profession? 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When you hear the word ethics, what is the firstRead MoreThe Noble Field Of Law1700 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy.† Hoffman goes on to discuss relevant elementary and constitutional principles, real rights and remedies, as well as personal rights and remedies; however, he begins his book by discussing morals – ethics – and how they apply to the legal profession.2 Another legal mind, Judge George Sharswood, had lectures of his published (titled Professional Ethics) in 1854 - just a few decades after Hoffman’s A Course of Legal Study.3 Between the two of them, the framework for the current Model Rules orRead MoreThe Army Profession986 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Army as a profession is a widely debated issue. Some attest that the military employs a small cadre of professionals, yet this does not qualify the entire vocation as a profession. Others are not so kind and paint a picture of mindless robots simply following orders. The debate rages because it i s fundamentally difficult to find an absolute definition for a profession. This troublesome task is further exasperated because the trust of the public ultimately certifies a profession. NeverthelessRead MoreIssues Faced By The House Council Essay732 Words   |  3 Pagesand solicitation: Advocates in India are barred from advertising their profession under the Bar Council of India rules. The conception of legal services as a ‘noble profession’, rather than services has resulted in the formulation of such a restraint. Advertisement of legal profession might lead to activities tarnishing the nobility of the profession like: seeking employment through these means lowers the tone of the profession; it leads to extravagant claims by attorneys and to unrealistic expectations

The Arab Israeli War ( 1948-49 ) A Political Conflict

Luke Horsley Preliminary Modern History Mr. Powell Historical Investigation â€Å"To what extent was the First Arab-Israeli War (1948-49) a political conflict?† WORD COUNT: 1388 In order to assess to what extent the First Arab-Israeli war was a political conflict, a working definition of ‘political conflict’ is needed. In this essay, the phrase ‘political conflict ’ refers to conflict motivated or influenced by a nation’s government or by the power, interests and security of a state. BACKGROUND: Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor on January 30, 1930 marked the beginning of a 15 year period of intense, violent and institutionalised persecution of the Jewish people across almost all of mainland Europe. This†¦show more content†¦The First Arab-Israeli War (1947-48) was ultimately a conflict of power and politics. It did however have a religious, historical and cultural backdrop which entrenched an atmosphere of enmity between the Jews and the Arabs. The ‘Partition Solution’ created the first point of conflict between the Jews and Palestinian Arabs. The disputation of who owned territory in the former British Mandate of Palestine came about as the Palestinians did not believe the Jews should have been given territory by the UN based on the religious and historical ties the Jews had to the land (Gill, 2017). The partitioning resulted in a large displacement of Palestinian Arabs and violent skirmishes between the Arabs and the Jews (Office of the Historian, accessed 2017). Natasha Gill, professor in conflict studies, said this in light of recent negotiations between the Jews and Arabs. â€Å"The fact that the Palestinians have refused to recognize the moral right of the Jews to a state in Palestine is a source of conflict, even though the Palestinians may be ready to accept Israel s de facto right to exist today (Gill, 2017).† Initially, the conflict was relatively small scale and included acts of terror, small-arms firefights and attacks on villages. For example, on the 9th April, 1948, a month before the Israeli declaration of independence, Jewish forces attacked the Palestinian village of DeirShow MoreRelatedThe Creation of Israel was the Turning Point2997 Words   |  12 PagesIsrael was created in 1948. I will be discussing the extent to which the creation of Israel was a turning point throughout a hundred year period. The conflict can be split up into 3 different strands which include: Arab Israeli, Palestinian-Israeli, Western involvement. The Arab-Israeli conflict is the regional conflict that erupts in 1948 when the newly created Arab states invade Israel and is partially resolved by 1996. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is the local conflict throughout the 100 yearRead MoreThe Middle East Conflict Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle East Conflict The country previously known as Palestine but now as Israel has sparked major military and political confrontations between Arabs and Israelis during the 20th century in the Middle East. The area, which both groups of people claim is rightly their homeland is smaller then Britain, surrounded on the West by the Mediterranean Sea and on the other sides by neighbouring Arab countries. The Israelis believe it is rightly their homeland becauseRead More Arab-israeli Conflict Essay examples1850 Words   |  8 Pagesindependent nations, one Arab and one Jewish. On May 14, 1948, a new nation was born: Israel. The Jews of Israel and the world celebrated with joy and gladness, because for over two thousand years, they had hoped to return to the land of their heritage. (Silverman, 1) However with Jews from all around the world returning to Israel, the Arabs residing in this land were forced into exile. The rebirth of Israel marked the beginning of conflict, violence, and peace treaties between the Arabs and the Jews of theRead MoreThe Middle East2012 Words   |  9 Pagesviolent regions since the end of Second World War in 1945. The declaration of Israel in May of 1948 caused widespread violence and conflict among the Arab nations in the Middle East and the Jewish state of Israel. The declaration caused a chain of significant events that to this day still have a beari ng. Some key events that followed the declaration of Israel were the war of independence, the Deir Yassin massacre, the displacement of Palestinians and the 6-day war. The British failed to keep controlRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict : Israel Palestine Conflict Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome studies on the Israel-Palestinian conflict postulate that the nature of the conflict has always been about land, meaning the partition of the holy land (e.g., Newman, 2002; Klieman, 2000; Alpher, 1995). But a tectonic shift occurred with the swift Israeli victory in the 6 day war of 1967, when Israel occupied the territories. Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories bar Gaza strip ( territorially miniscule) has morphed into a sort of colonialism as Israel has buil a number of settlementsRead MoreIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay2633 Words   |  11 PagesThe conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Jews is a modern phenomenon, which began around the turn of the 20th century. Although these two groups have different religions (Palestinians include Muslims, Christians and Druze), religious differences are not the cause of the conflict. It is essentially a struggle over land. Until 1948, the area that both groups claimed was known internationally as Palestine. But following the war of 1948-49, this land was divided into three parts: the state of IsraelRead MoreThe Egyptian Arab Israeli Conflict2456 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: In just 25 years, 5 wars were started with 11492 Israeli and 55300 Arabs deaths costing the countries not only millions of dollars but also the loss of life and peace. The Arab-Israeli conflict began in 1948 when Israel declared itself an independent nation after the 2nd world war. Even as Egypt and the Middle East fought off colonialism and foreign enemies they still managed to keep a constant stream of war between themselves. The dictionary definition of a hero is, a man admiredRead MoreGamal Abdel Nasser1732 Words   |  7 Pagescommon definition of a single party state. Single party, or one party states, usually arise during times of crisis. Crisis’s include economic collapse, Military instability, Social and class conflicts and ethnic differences. These conditions allow a single party leader to arise through the creation of a political ideology that provides a solution to one or more of these crisis s. The concept of a single party state is one that is unique to the 20t h century. Before the 20th century, single party statesRead More Israel - The Presidential Brief Essay3453 Words   |  14 Pagesit became a country in 1948. It is surrounded by hostile nations that want to destroy or at least diminish it. There is tremendous tension between the Palestine Liberation Members and Israeli officials and citizens. There have been peaceful rallies and bloody bus bombings. People in Israel today are unsure about preceding with peace negotiations or standing firm in stopping present day terrorist activities. Protests, shouting matches, and violent disputes between Israelis are common occurrences.Read More The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay3354 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most controversial conflicts in modern history. The expansion of Israel since 1947 is seen as the beginning of the conflict, although its origins go back to the end of the 19th century, when Jewish immigration to Palestine began to increase. Since the start of the conflict, several peace negotiations have been carried out, resulting in variable degrees of success. This essay will focus on how theorists of peace and conflict have analysed

Leading And Managing People

Question: Discuss about theLeading And Managing People. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is a very subjective term and is a skill set that a person possesses so as to lead a team or an organization successfully towards the achievement of certain set goals or aims in life or the organization or any other such field. A leader is somebody who does not do the right things only by himself but also ensures to get the right thing done by others in the most appropriate manner. Leaders are not seen only in an organization or a workplace. They are in the political front, amongst a cricket team or a football team to name a few. Leadership entails with it various other concepts such as that of ethical standards to follow, how to develop the said quality of leadership, the various theories spelt out by eminent scholars with regards the leadership styles and how leaders lead a multicultural background with persuasion. It is rightly said at times that leadership style is inborn but the said phrase is not true fully (Taylor, 2016). There are some people who if work upon the s aid skill can become very good leaders. Leadership qualities can be imbibed with adequate training as well as observing the other leaders carefully. In the said essay the leadership style and how they led or are still leading successfully of three most eminent leaders would be discussed in detail. Mahatma Gandhi was a freedom fighter of India who was a major driving force and a very strong leader who led the masses and ensured that India gets its independence. The second leader which the essay describes about is Nelson Mandela, an African leader who is respected by the world and amongst all politicians. His leadership style was such that shook people both within South Africa and outside the country too. He was a very peaceful leader like Mahatma Gandhi. The third leader about him the essay discusses is Barack Obama, the President of United States of America (USA). He is one person who knows that in order to become an effective leader he should practice the policy of democracy in its true sense and not in its literal sense. He took over the charge of USA when the country was in a very dismal state of affairs due to the global fina ncial crisis of 2008, but his strong leadership skill enabled him to pull the country out of the same with full vigour and dynamism. Mahatma Gandhi- Great Leader of India Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi was one of the biggest freedom fighter of India who led the country towards achieving its independence from the Britishers in the year 1947. He was a very strong and an eminent leader of India, who is known worldwide for his exclusive leadership styles. Mahatma Gandhi was a true example of what leadership ethics mean. His life was full of moral values which were very critically blended with his personal as well as public life; his principles were so strong and ethical that it motivated the masses of India very sternly (Dhiman, 2015). He was a statue of truth and only truth. His philosophy was very simple. He was a true figure of self efficacy and always said that one person is enough to make a change. He was not physically a strong man but according to him strength comes from ones thought processes. Mahatma Gandhis leadership theory was based upon non-violence or as is rightly said ahimsa and satyagraha i.e. truth is the ultimate solution for all tyranny. He was not only known as a political leader but his leadership was very much prevalent in the spiritual field as well. This man preached satyagraha and said that in order to attain peace in country, the first step should be to gain peace within ones own self else it will not be possible for a person to fight truthfully and non-violently (Reynafarje, 2012). He has lead various campaigns across India during his reign for the upliftment of the masses from poverty, ensuring women get the rights they deserve and build an aura of religious harmony. He discarded the existence of caste system and was even jailed many a times because of his rallies. But he proved that truth always wins over the false and it was his great leadership which ended up freeing India from the tyrannical rule of Britain. A leader is viewed as a person who is self-disciplined but this man said that by just being disciplined do not make one a great leader. The same should be coupled with a clear vision and trust. The Gandhian philosophy of evolution of leadership stood upon the concept of Swaraj which pointed out the fact that people should fight for freeing themselves but at the same time the people around should also be helped as by not doing so they were tightening their won chains of slavery further (Das, 2012). His leadership preached the following lessons to all: An individual cannot do good to himself in isolation, and that it pervades towards doing good to all. The earning rights are same for all classes of the society A life of hard work is worth living. That there was only one culture which al should follow as ultimately all belong to one democratic nation. Nelson Mandela- Leader of South Africa Nelson Mandela was known for his revolutionary style of leadership. Leaders like him have proved that for becoming a successful and a powerful leader one must not know how to deliver heavy and bold speeches in the public but it is the deeds that matter. Similarly Nelson Mandela was also one such leader who distinguishing qualities has ensured that the world becomes a better place to live. He was a political leader who introduced the concept of democracy in South Africa. His style clearly defines that there should be a vision which is to be achieved and a motivational factor so as to drive the masses towards achievement of the set goals. Africa was one such country where inequality was practiced at its highest possible level. Mandelas vision was to eradicate the same and provide freedom and equality to all men in Africa. One man who in spite of being behind the bars for more than two decades had always believed that one day Africa will be a free and equalized nation. It was this trust and peace loving attitude of his that he was chosen as the first president of South Africa (Schoemaker, Krupp, 2014). Nelson Mandelas vision was to embrace the purpose of helping the society and the country. He as a leader was very practical in his thoughts and always reiterated that change is not welcomed so easily by all but to enable the same the leader has to be trustworthy. He preached the concept of fighting for ones own vision and mission which would be for the benefit of the society as well (Ciares, 2013). Nelson Mandela followed all the leadership ethics. He believed in avoiding violence as much as possible, however the same did not hold good when it came to fight against the apartheid. Yet he was honest and responsible towards his duties and tried to keep violence as low as possible. Nelson Mandela followed the utilitarianism theory of leadership style (Smith, 2013). Thus he believed and taught to his followers to do such acts which would end up giving happiness to the majority. Social benefit maximization was his soul aim. A leader is praised for his charisma. It is this trait which made him successful in freeing Africa. He use to relate with his followers and poised an attitude of empathy. He was obedient in his acts, clear in his vision, against violence but at the same time fought against apartheid by staying inside the jail also (Tucker, 2013). This was the kind of inspiration he inculcated within his followers. Leading the masses by staying behind the bars is not an easy task, but Mandelas belief in his vision never deterred him from achieving his goals. He even made people aware about the importance of education and how one could uplift his or her social life. He was so much inclined towards education that as a leader he confronted the Western Area of Africa and introduced Bantu Education (Adams, 2013). He was against racial discrimination and hence asked his followers to self educate themselves and fight for the unfair. One such was his voice against the prominent discrimination amongst the races. Thus as a leader one could say that Nelson Mandela adapted such a charismatic style of leadership that it moved the masses even when he was inside the jail. He continued to fight against apartheid till he attained success, thus through his perseverance he could reach his goals (Stengel, 2012). His communicating skills were so strong that people got easily swayed by his views and followed him blind-folded, this was the kind of trust his leadership style generated. His attitude towards work, his trust towards his own vision, his humble nature and charismatic trait inspired people then and continues to inspire the world even now. Barack Obama- US President One leader who could bring USA out of the horrifying crisis of 2008- Barack Obamas style of leadership is conventional. He is a very strong orator and leader. He was a follower of two leadership theories namely deontology and teleological ethical theory. He rose as a powerful leader as Barack Obama also followed the democratic style of leadership wherein he prioritized the interest of his country above personal or specific interest. He was a transformational leader as he focussed on transforming his team. He concentrated upon his followers and motivated them continuously with regards their capability of performing excellently. He nurtured the leadership quality of his people as well. Along with the same a transformational leader is one who is very influential, full of ethical values embedded in his views and actions (Jones, 2009). Such kind of a style is highly regarded as compared to the other styles of leadership as it continuously encourages its followers to perform high in an innovative and a creative manner. Barack Obama possessed all of the above traits of leadership. He is always actively involved with his people. Americans were so demoralised after the financial crisis of 2008 that it was a necessity for him to connect with the citizens directly. This is the most striking trait of a transformational leader. His speech had an appeal to the working as well the middle class people as they comprised of the majority. A strong leader is one who develops a positive connection with his people and citizens of the country; this is what Barack Obama did and successfully enabled the country fight the crisis in no time. He emerged as a leader for the people who did not have any greed for power (Maraniss, 2016). His oration proved to the world that he was not a normal leader but somebody with an extraordinary intellectual quality. His speech made people believe in him and America which was broken into pieces through race, class and nationality was once again united. This could have been possible fo r him because of his extraordinary style of leadership. Another very important thing to notice was that his style was very similar to that of Martin Luther King, a very influential leader of the past. This equation between the two also enabled him to sail through the masses successfully. A good leader is one who can get things done by others. His speech had words like us and we as he believes in sharing the social identity with his team (Calhoun, 2016). He is a true figure of self-efficacy who believes in himself and campaigned by reemphasizing on one phrase change we can believe in. This quality of efficacy supported him to fight successfully hen people were against him because he trusted his own beliefs, mission, vision and passion. Lastly Barack Obamas communication style was far-fetched from other eminent leaders across the globe. He believed in communicating not only via media or emails or bulletins but by direct contact with his audiences. He looks every angle of his president ship with a positive outlook. Once a mission is accomplished, instead of resting back for few days he immediately tells his people This was a good day America. Lets get back to work., and it is this dynamism which enabled him to fulfil maximum agenda that he had listed to be accomplished in his two terms of leadership. Thus he is one of the very few powerful leaders found in todays scenario (The Peoples View, 2011). After the great leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther, nelson Mandela to name a few, this world had lost hope of having another such powerful and influential leader ever. But the said notion was shattered when this great leader came to power and walked with the masses, for the masses and of the masses. He always maintained a balance between his professional and personal life which was also inspirational for many who are unable to concentrate upon both the sides of life easily. Comparison Between the Leadership Styles In this section we would compare the leadership styles of the three leaders based on the following factors: Leadership ethics Evolution of leadership Psychology of leadership Multi-cultural leadership Leadership theory First and foremost the three eminent leaders Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama all three had maintained high degrees of ethical standards while leading their respective countries. Mahatma Gandhis ethical theories emphasized upon self cleanliness both internally as well as externally, non-violence and truth. He faced a lot of resentment from the Britishers yet he never left his moral values and integrity (Nair, 1994). Nelson Mandela was also a peace loving man who was against violence. In spite of being behind the bars for twenty seven years he did not deter himself from his ethical values. He introduced the moral dimension of his struggle against the apartheid and was one such leader whose moral values were applauded by his opponents as well (Chris, 2015). Similarly Barack Obama is also reported as an ethical leader. He adorned the ethical practice by stating that secrecy should not be maintained within a team. High degree of transparency will lead to greater ethical be haviour. He was one person who had concentrated his efforts towards development of the health care facilities. After facing adequate amount of dissertations for the same he finally succeeded as ethics won over evil. He never compromised on his integrity in order to gain profits (Hardwick, 2010). Thus on comparing the three it is very evident that Barack Obamas leadership style of ethics although good but not as effective as that of Nelson Mandela who could even drive the opponents to his favour. Secondly, the three leaders evolved in three different situations. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela evolved as a leader in lieu of fighting for freedom for their country. Their evolution was due to oppression that they had to face from years. However Barack Obamas evolution as a leader was more out of compulsion since USA was in a very dismal state of affairs and they lacked trust and confidence amongst themselves. To regain the same they needed a leader who could instil the lost trust. Barack Obama was more of a reformist than a freedom fighter. In this scenario the leadership style of Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela was more attractive for the masses as they had to fight a war with peace. They had various restrictions and were deprived of many powers which were easily available for the president. Thirdly, psychology leadership which is a leadership quality that influences its followers to work towards attainment of common goals. Although the term coined is new but the concept existed before 21st century as well and was practiced by various other leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. All had understood the psychology of the people they meant to lead and also attained freedom in their respective areas but what Mahatma Gandhi followed to understand the psychology of people first before leading had a lasting impression world-wide and even enabled to guide other leaders like Nelson Mandela. Fourthly multicultural leadership is the most important quality in this contemporary globalized economy. People of varying cultures are disseminated across the globe and hence the requirement of a leader who understands the importance of culture is the need of the hour. Barack Obama is one such leader who has emerged with his quality of multi cultural leadership style. He himself belonged to a multicultural race an hence understood the concept at its best. Thus he is one man who preached multicultural leadership in his tenure. Lastly the adaption of leadership theories by the three eminent leaders were varying in nature. Mahatma Gandhis theory was known as servant-leadership theory wherein he considered the leaders to be viewed as servants (Barnabas, Clifford, 2012). Nelson Mandela however adopted the utilitarianism theory wherein he followed such a kind of moral action which induced maximum utility and Barack Obama adopted the theory of transformation (Samllwood, 2009). In todays global scenario transformation and maximum utility is what people view rather than acting as servants. Conclusion Therefore it is very evident that although Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela have lead their nations remarkably yet in todays global scenario the same will not work as successfully as it had worked then. Their leadership styles were basically towards ensuring freedom from oppression. Barack Obamas style of leadership is what the young generation looks forward to. One such style which is full of charisma which ensures that transformation though a difficult task but not impossible. He who sees every ending as a reason to begin something new is what this world requires. Globalization doesnt give room for rest and this is what is evident in his style of leadership. References: Adams, S., (2013), Nelson Mandela : A Great Leader Dies, The Forbes, Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2013/12/05/nelson-mandela-a-great-leader-dies/#4be05da27b76 (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Barnabas, A., Clifford, P.S., (2012), Mahatma Gandhi An Indian Model of Servant Leadership, International Journal of Leadership Studies, vol.7, no.2, pp. 132-150 Calhoun, L., (2016), 5 Leadership Lessons From Obama, Available at : https://www.inc.com/lisa-calhoun/5-leadership-lessons-from-obama.html (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Ciares, J., (2013), 7 Leadership Lessons Inspired by Nelson Mandela, The Huffington Post, Available at https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/7-leadership-lessons-insp_b_3427796 (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Chris, J., (2015), 5 Nelson Mandela leadership Style Secrets, Available at https://www.josephchris.com/5-nelson-mandela-leadership-style-secrets (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Das, D.K., (2012), Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in Contemporary Period, Prathidwani: A Journal of humanities and Social Science, vol. 1, no. II, pp. 307-318 Dhiman, S., (2015), Gandhi and Leadership: New Horizons in Exemplary Leadership, Palgrave Macmillan: UK Jones, J.M., (2009), Obamas Leadership Qualities Stand Out to Americans, Available at : https://www.gallup.com/poll/123104/obama-leadership-qualities-stand-out-americans.aspx (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Hardwick, P., (2010), The leadership styles of President Obama, Mississippi Business Journal, Available at : https://msbusiness.com/2010/11/the-leadership-styles-of-president-obama/ (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Maraniss, D., (2016), Obamas Legacy: From the Affordable Care Act to the opening of relations with Cuba , Obama will leave behind a legacy of liberal achievement, Available at : https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/obama-legacy/racial-politics-2008-election.html (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Nair, K., (1994), A higher standard of leadership : Lessons from the life of Gandhi, Berrett-Koehler Publishers: San Francisco Reynafarje, A., (2012), Mahatma Gandhi, Available at https://fatherofthenation.weebly.com/index.html (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Schoemaker, P.J.H., Krupp, S., (2014), 6 Principles that made Nelson Mandela a renowned leader, Fortune, Available at https://fortune.com/2014/12/05/6-principles-that-made-nelson-mandela-a-renowned-leader/ (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Samllwood, N., (2009), Judging Obama as a Leader, Forbes, Available at https://www.forbes.com/2009/09/04/obama-skills-character-leadership-managing-presidents.html (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Smith, E., (2013), The Leadership Elements That Made Nelson Mandela An Icon, Available at https://associationsnow.com/2013/12/the-leadership-elements-that-made-nelson-mandela-an-icon/ (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Stengel, R., (2012), Nelson Mandela: Portrait of an extraordinary man , Virgin: London Taylor, N.F., (2016), What Makes a Great Leader? 7 Pros Share Their Views, Business News Daily, Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/2730-leadership.html (Accessed 02nd September 2016) The Peoples View, (2011), President Obamas Five Leadership Attributes, Available at https://www.thepeoplesview.net/main/epeoplesview.net/2011/07/president-obamas-five-leadership.html (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Tucker, J., (2013), Nelson Mandela and great leader theories of democratisation, The Washington Post, Available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2013/12/06/nelson-mandela-and-great-leader-theories-of-democratization/ (Accessed 02nd September 2016) Leading and Managing People Question: Discuss about the Leading and Managing People. Anawer: I would like to thank my mentor and team members for helping me not only for accomplishing the assignment but also for providing me the opportunity for learning important traits for working as a team. I would also like to acknowledge my gratitude towards my mentor for giving me the chance to work as a team. I have learned that unity, goal- orientation and self- consciousness plays a crucial role for effective teamwork. I also believe that effectiveness of the team can only be attained if every team member had clear and demanding performance goals and these traits I have experienced from my team. Furthermore, I would like to say that my team members encouraged me and maintained an informal atmosphere so that the work can be completed efficiently without any conflicts among us. I have also learned that every individual is important for a team, as poor performance of one may result in the negative outcome of the entire project. I can also relate this learning to my experience while bein g in the team. Initially, I feel difficulty in completion of the task in time and the approach to complete the assignment. However, my team members not only motivates me but also taught me with effective ideas for selecting an approach for task completion. I also believe that this experience will help me in the future for playing the role of an effective team member in my workplace. Once, again I would also thank everyone for helping me with my task and my personal development.

Program of Qualitative and Quantitative Research †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Program of Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Answer: Introduction: College life is one that comes with a lot of expectations and anxiety for most students joining college. This builds up as a result of the independence and fun enjoyed by the university students. But with the positives, university life comes with a bit of challenge (Essau, and Trommsdorff, 1996). For example, coping up with the changing friendships which are very frequent, dealing with new and advanced financial needs and of Couse the balancing of once social life and that of the academic life. One of the characteristics of most emotional and intelligent student is that they have excessive fear, which develops to withdrawal from other people, which is opposed to the university life where the student tend to interact within like a society. Starting from the hostels, playground, lecture halls to even the dining places. For this kind of environment, the emotional students will have allot of self-guilt and depression brought about by the fact that the can not blend in well with the rest. As a result of poor coping abilities (Dyson, and Renk, 2006.). Immaturity in another factor that comes along with emotional people, including the emotional intelligent student. For example, inappropriate crying and unreasonable tempers from small issues that other people deal with, and probably at the university, there is very little room for such characters that is if they exist. This is because of the independent and self-driven lifestyle where there are no people too concerned with the minor personal issues that one is dealing with; the university lectures never medal with ones life compared to the high school teachers who take the responsibility to mentor, motivate and guide such students. Also the housing problem. This is a major challenge for most university students by the fact that it is very hard to find accommodation in any nearer by places surrounding the school. This results to hostel accommodation, where at most not many students get the chance to choose their roommates. The challenge develops as the emotional student are very choosy and very specific to almost everything around them. For example, a situation where one is allocated a room with a drunkard or unclean people. Also, one is expected to understand the difference in lifestyle and preference of the other person. But of the intelligent emotional students, it would be a difficult situation to handle, and it may turn a negative perception from the student towards the university, where else it is their problem, that they cant handle the diversity (Andrews and Wilding, 2004.). The issue of homesick is a problem to most students in the university. As a result of the long distances, they cover to gain entry to a particular university, with some traveling from deferent states countries or even continents. And because to the traveling cost, one stays for long periods before they get back home. And as much as almost everyone faces the problem, for the emotional student, this can be a big blow to their life in the university. As the homesick problem would have a greater impact compared to the rest of the students (Pekrun, et al...2002). Another issue to support that emotional and intelligent student can not effectively deal with university life is the prime age at which this kind of life develops. While one is at the university, most people tend to make long-time friends, people who one can share their problems and personal achievement, and also people build relationships that last their lifetime there. With all the possibilities in building a life around another person, comes challenges like miss trust, break ups, unveiling other people's secrets with all these situations having a very high possibility of happening in the day to day life at the university. This kind of environment, would prove difficult for the emotional students, as everyone would expect them to take the blame, and move on like nothing ever happened, which is most defiantly an illusion for them (Caspi, et al. 2003). In the university, most of the bonding and social interactions happen in the co-curricular activities and the fun moments like parties. As expected the intelligent and emotional students happen to dislike this kind of events, and probably they would prefer doing some study or research in the comfort of their homes or the library. This results in accumulated loneliness, limited fun, and depression as they dont get to talk off their problem or just have a let it go moment. These situations develop them to be very dull and moody all their time in compass. Which is a waste in regards to their age, as it is the high time to enjoy life before real life reality streams in. Inability to deal with stress. University life pile, a lot of stressful situations like transportation, time management between academics and social life, study projects, complex units/topics that are hard to get and so on. By the fact that the problems are faced by everyone the emotional student will be mostly affected in dealing with all those issues, this is later motivated by the fact that the students are intelligent and the fear of failure is much high than the rest of the students, for example at the examination time With the developed pressure to fit in, and have a self-assurance the emotional disorder is under control and well managed. The student will start using abusing drugs and other illegal substances. With the move developing even to more problems like health issues, lack of discipline, poor learning trends and crime to sustain the use of the drug as a result of financial constraints (Beaudry, and Pinsonneault, 2010). How emotional and inteligent student have a better chance of dealing with the obstacles of university life The other side of the argument is that the emotional and intelligent aspects of the student would help them deal with the challenges in the university. For example by the fact that they are intelligent, lack of time management would be a non-issue. This is because while the rest of the students face difficulties in balancing the social and academic life, the student will have accommodated both situations and managed them lowering the pressure of things like exams. Financial constraints faced by university students would not be a problem to this kind of student, by the fact, the emotional and intelligent people are not much of social people, and things like parties and drinking sessions are not part of their a gender. With most of the university students spending a significant amount of their money in this activity and later having to deal with the financial problem (Dawda, D. and Hart, S.D., 2000) The student would also have a better chance of doing well in their profession based on the intelligent part of their character, as better learning skills, well-chosen friends, discipline and time management will be crucial in their focus in the university. And as a result, they would produce a better person of themselves. Also, the ability to be emotional and intelligent at the same time favors a lot in the university. For example, insensitive students are viewed to be careless, which leave the emotional student to attract concerned and genuine friends in their college life. On the other hand, the students never have arrogance as a character, which creates room to find more knowledge and improve ones self, as opposed to arrogant people who tend to think that they know it all (Mayer, et al. 2001) Intelligence and emission can develop one into a better person in ways like self-regulating. Where the student out of fear, they are able to work out of troublesome situations, based on the ground that their intelligence capacity will regulate them from involving in such situations in the university as part of its life. Conclusion The emotional and intelligent students have a lot of challenges compared to the benefits that are brought about by their character. That makes them fill much alienated, from other students in the university. So as to cope and bend effectively in the university life, the emotional part should be done away with, and instead, develop an open mind ready to deal with the challenges and benefits brought forth. This can be achieved by controlling stress in terms of not developing small issues into mountains, reaching out to friends and practicing in voluntary works which will improve the social skills. Then by this, the student will grow into an all round developed person after the university period. As the university prepares one to face and deal with real life situation at fast hand. Which related to the kind of problems university students face should not be viewed as problems but as conditions to build once resilience, develop better decision making processes, time management skills and self-drive. Reference Andrews, B. and Wilding, J.M., 2004. The relation of depression and anxiety to life?stress and achievement in students. British Journal of Psychology, 95(4), pp.509-521. Beaudry, A. and Pinsonneault, A., 2010. The other side of acceptance: studying the direct and indirect effects of emotions on information technology use. MIS Quarterly, pp.689-710. Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Craig, I.W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A. and Poulton, R., 2003. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301(5631), pp.386-389. Dawda, D. and Hart, S.D., 2000. Assessing emotional intelligence: Reliability and validity of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) in university students. Personality and individual differences, 28(4), pp.797-812. Dyson, R. and Renk, K., 2006. Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress, and coping. Journal of clinical psychology, 62(10), pp.1231-1244. Essau, C.A., and Trommsdorff, G., 1996. Coping with university-related problems a cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(3), pp.315-328. Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D.R. and Sitarenios, G., 2001. Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence. Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., and Perry, R.P., 2002. Academic emotions in students' self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37(2), pp.91-105.

Mapping Global Media Flow and Contra

Organizational Tips For Sports Research Paper Writing

Organizational Tips For Sports Research Paper Writing What Is Sports Research Paper? Sports research paper is an independent scientific investigation aimed at solving problems in the field of physical culture and sports. The purpose of the research paper completion is the in-depth examination of knowledge gained during studying with its consolidation and synthesis. A research paper provides an opportunity to identify the level of specialized and scientific training of a student and his/her ability to apply the knowledge gained in the process of research work. The primary skills and techniques to complete the scientific research got a form as a result of the research paper. Individual students, in agreement with the Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Education, can write the Sports Research Paper at the departments of pedagogy and psychology. The contents of the research paper should cover the problems of physical education of different population groups. Topics and Directions Sports research papers in terms of content can be: Theoretical – made on the basis of an analytical collection of literary data; Empirical – made via analysis of the best practices of specialists in physical education and sport, student’s own experience, planning documents, accounting and reporting which reflect educational, training, and educational processes; Experimental – made on the basis of own research; Constructive – the manufacture of instruments, visual aids, simulators, and models; describing its effectiveness in the experiment. Good Topic Examples: History and Functional-Typological Features of Sports Medication Communications; Psychological Training of Youth in Boxing; The Specifics of Avoiding the Bones Trauma in Soccer; The Interlinkage Between Thrombosis and Application of Steroids; The Anti-Doping Code Analysis Concerning the Technological Advancement. Bad Topics Examples: History of Soccer; The Tennis Matches Rules; Injuries and Their Effect on Sports Career; The Regulations Rules in Football; Regular Sport among Youth. Planning and Outlining The research plan is writing in the following sequence: Definition of research direction; Development of the thesis; Construction of a research plan/outline. Stages to Complete Sports Research Papers Stage 1 – the choice and justification of the Research Paper topic; Stage 2 – drawing up a Research Plan / Outline and Thesis Statement; Stage 3 – working on literary sources and materials describing the experience of practical work regarding the subject; Stage 4 – definition of tasks, methods, object, and the research program; Stage 5 – writing an introduction and the first Section of a research paper; Stage 6 – organization and conducting of own researches, completion of the second section of the research paper; Stage 7 – processing and analysis of the results, writing of the third section of the research paper; Stage 8 – writing conclusions and practical recommendations; Stage 9 – submitting your research paper and presenting to the instructor and getting the instructions to modify the content; Stage 10 editing of the draft; introducing of final version; research paper presentation. Structure and Content of Sports Research Paper As a rule, the structure of Research Paper includes the next parts: Title Page; Content; List of Symbols (if necessary); Introduction; Main Sections; Conclusions; List of Used Literature; Appendixes. Methods to Write the Sections An Introduction is presented in the following sequence: Explanation of the topic relevance; The purpose of the work; Object and subject of research; Objectives of the study; Theoretical and practical specifics; Thesis Statement. A set of characteristic features determines the relevance of the topic regarding the physical culture and sport: The direction of the theme aims to solve the most critical social tasks intended for improving the system of physical education in the country and strengthening the health of different groups of the population. For example: ‘Physical culture is an integral part of the general culture of humankind aimed at strengthening the health of the population, the formation of individual moral-volitional, and psychological qualities of the individual.’ The significance of the topic for improving the training process. For example: ‘Optimization of the training process by the non-traditional means of physical education.’ The need for in-depth scientific research of a particular problem. For example: ‘Learning how children of elementary school age readjust to schooling and mastering the contents of the modern curriculum of physical education.’ The need to develop innovative technologies in physical education. For example: ‘Systematization of experimental data and generalization of pedagogical experience of trainers, innovators, and educators; development of new methods of planning, teaching, and means of training.’ The goal supposes identification of the most effective ways to optimize the physical education. After determining the purpose of the research, the student must select the object, subject, and formulate the theme. The object of the investigation may be a lesson of physical culture, the subject – a student or a group of students, the theme – the regularities for the further improvement of the educational process. For example: ‘The research paper aims to determine the situation with the physical fitness among the children of junior school age.’ The tasks of the study are developed following the stated purpose. For example: ‘1. To determine the level of physical preparedness of junior pupils. 2. To develop a methodology for advancing the level of physical fitness of junior pupils.’ The relevance of the research paper means scientifically substantiated data developed for the first time that should be used in the process of physical education. For example: ‘The student scientifically substantiates and experimentally specifies the knowledge about the most optimal age zones to develop the frequency of the movements in children who are engaged in athletics and are of the middle school age.’ The theoretical significance of the study is based on previously obtained scientific knowledge. For example: ‘The structure of the physical culture formation was developed as a result of the generalization of the obtained scientific data and studying of the person’s physical culture features; the individual system of values was proposed and scientifically substantiated.’ Practical significance is characterized by some features that make it possible to determine the importance of the results obtained and the effectiveness of its implementation in practice; development of author’s practical and methodological recommendations, presentation of scientific research at scientific-methodological conferences. For example: ‘Based on the research materials, the practical (methodological) recommendations â€Å"Strengthening health utilizing physical education† were developed; it is recommended for teachers, trainers, students, and young scientists. Research results are presented at the scientific conference, at a scientific methodological seminar on the theory and methodology of physical education, or in the work of an experimental group of young scientists.’ Thesis statement forms the subject of a particular study. Good example of a thesis statement: ‘Theoretical analysis of specialized literature and generalization of experience generated by the specialists through their work activities allows predicting that the use of simulators and modern computer technology in the process of students training will enable to control their physical condition and contribute to improving the efficiency of sports.’ Poor example of a thesis statement: ‘Sports history proves that exercises are useful in struggling with the extra weight.’ Literature Review The literature review denotes an essential part of the work and can consist of several subdivisions, points, and sub-items. This section represents, compares, analyzes, and summarizes the received data of scientific researches of scientists that cover the central issues of the topic. Examples of the Scholar Sources: The Ones Our Writers Use as Well Sheppard, J. M., Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919-932. Impellizzeri, F. M., Rampinini, E., Coutts, A. J., Sassi, A. L. D. O., Marcora, S. M. (2004). Use of RPE-based training load in soccer. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 36(6), 1042-1047. Spence, S. H. (2003). Social skills training with children and young people: Theory, evidence and practice. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8(2), 84-96. Jones, M. V. (2003). Controlling emotions in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 17(4), 471-486. Kirk, D., MacPhail, A. (2002). Teaching games for understanding and situated learning: Rethinking the Bunker-Thorpe model. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 21(2), 177-192. The material can be presented in chronological order or the set of the questions under the focus. Writing a literary review is recommended in the following sequence: To select particular scientific-methodical literature. To learn and analyze the material. To write the basic questions of the text related to the topic of scientific work. The content of the text is written in the form of quotation, abstracts, annotations, and plan. Writing the section via the quotations are used to determine precise concepts, terms, and guidelines for substantiating the personal opinions and characteristics of the author’s point of view. The student should also specify the author’s second name and the year of publication (via comma or brackets) in the text. It is vital to consider the features of formatting (APA, Harvard, MLA, and others). For example: ‘The literature reflects a large number of recommendations and programs for improving the walking and the running for adults and adolescents in complex with the systematized load settings in programs (Warner, 2013).’ Methods and Organization of Research After writing the review part, the student needs to formulate two-three main tasks (or more if necessary). For example: ‘1. To study the age-old peculiarities of speed in children of middle school age. 2. To determine the dynamics of the development rate among children of middle school age.’ The text below specifies the methods that are defined for solving the issues. For example: ‘To solve the problems, the following methods of research were used: 1. Study of scientific-methodical literature. 2. Theoretical-comparative analysis and generalization of literature data. 3. Pedagogical observation. 4. Educational experiment. 5. Control exercises. 6. Physiological methods. 7. Methods of mathematical statistics.’ The generally accepted methods and techniques of scientific research in the work do not describe in detail but only indicate the name of the design, the author, and the year of publication which illustrates this design. The application of the author’s technique requires a complete description with explanations of formulas, diagrams, or drawings. All possible changes, modifications, and additions to the methods of other authors are scientifically substantiated and described in detail. Then follows the description of the organization of the study: location, timeline, and study conditions; features of experimental groups. Meanwhile, the number of subjects, age, sex, medical specification, and related factors could be the objects of research. For example: ‘The study involved girls and boys 9-10 years old studying at Bradford’s school in Washington DC. The total amount was 100 people. All children belonged to the main medical group concerning their health state. The level of physical development and preparedness of the subjects were approximately the same. The study was conducted in September 2017. It was based on physical education lessons. Safety instructions and job performance rules were explained before the control exercising. The best result out of the three attempts was recorded in the protocol.’ Research Results The results are the central part of the work that outlines the outcomes and conclusions of the research. The obtained research results are compared with the evidence of other researchers; the validity or erroneousness of established regularities, provisions, and explanations are substantiated; the assumptions outlined in the thesis statement are checked. The text is accompanied by drawings, tables, diagrams, graphs, and photos. For example: ‘It has been proved that the level of General Physical Preparedness (GPP) of students involved in sports, aerobics, and athletics triple times a week is 50% higher than that of students getting the physical education only. At this point, the part of students with an average level of physical fitness has decreased by 10% for a school year, while GPP higher than average has increased by 25%.’ The illustrated material is of great importance when writing the text of the Results section. During the study, the student collects the actual content (photographs, videos, questionnaires, digital data, certificates) and then compiles it in the table and graphic illustrations. Conclusions The indication of findings must finish the text of the sports research paper and, if necessary, supplemented by the practical recommendations. The conclusions highlight the most important scientific and practical results obtained during the study of its significance for science and practice. The findings are briefly, clearly, and entirely consistent with the objectives of the study. The number of points is not limited, but usually ranges from 2 to 10. For example: ‘1. The physical development indicators in the observed schoolchildren corresponded to a range of values character to the sex-age groups in the region. The peculiarity of the physical development of these schoolchildren is the tendency towards the increase of body length indices and reduction of chest circumference and body weight in all groups (p>0,05). 2. According to the results of the testing assessment offered by the school curriculum, 59.7% of schoolchildren showed a low level of physical fitness. The tests that were the most difficult to perform are: â€Å"pull-up,† â€Å"tilt forward,† â€Å"running on endurance,† and â€Å"shuttle running.† The range of unsatisfactory evaluations according to the results of their implementation varies from 18.9% to 51.6%.’ Finally, practical recommendations are formulated in paragraphs similar to the conclusions. Recommendations would allow teachers and trainers to improve the efficiency of the educational process significantly. For example: ‘The complexity of physical exercises has gradually increased according to the stages of learning and the individual characteristics of students.’ ‘Development of coordination abilities should be given attention at junior school age.’ ‘To ensure a high motor density of a lesson, one needs to apply non-traditional learning tools.’ References consist of the works of all the mentioned authors in the text. The list of authors is given in alphabetical order and adjusted according to the needed format. Not intimidated on how to write a sports research paper anymore? Great! This means are tips are of great value.

Case-ENRON- Cooking the books with natural gas and electricty Assignment

Case-ENRON- Cooking the books with natural gas and electricty - Assignment Example One of the biggest victims of the Enron scandal was the employees of the company. The company set up a pension fund that matched employee contributions with Enron stocks. The pension plans that employees had worked for on many instances over 20 years became worthless overnight when the scandal broke out. The company’s stock in 2001 after the revelation of the scandal that led at the time to the biggest bankruptcy in U.S. history went down to $0.40 from its all time high of $90 a year earlier. The accountants and the executive management team of Enron were completely unethical. The market to market accounting the firm used inflated income by overstating the value of energy contracts. To act in an ethical manner using market to market accounting the income estimates should have followed the principle of conservatism. The unethical strategy the managers used was biased because the managers recognize energy contracts in a manner to maximize the present value of the contract in order to receive higher bonuses. In regards to off-balance sheet transactions the company was extremely unethical because it created over 3,000 special purpose entities to hide the actual debt of the